February 28, 2019
This report is intended to deliver accurate and up to date material in regard to the major review of the syllabuses. Kasneb updates its qualifications from time to time to ensure that exams reflect the most up-to- date knowledge and skills required for students, to be successful during their professional careers.
The report provides submissions that would be considered and adopted by kasneb in its major review in light of global changes in regulations, standards and new developments.

Contents
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL VIEWS
SPECIFIC VIEWS ON THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF SYLLABUSES
OTHER VIEWS ON KASNEB RULES, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

INTRODUCTION

The existing examination syllabuses of kasneb came into effect on 1st July 2018 and were examined for the first time in the November/December 2018 sitting. The examination syllabuses are of high eminence and benchmarked with global standards and best practice. The primary initiative of this report is to provide proposals that would include cutting edge content into the syllabuses in order to keep pace with developments in an ever changing global knowledge industry and to further enhance the competitiveness of kasneb qualifications.

This report is abridged as follows;

1. General views
2. Specific views on the structure content and of syllabuses
3. Other views on kasneb rules, policies and procedures

GENERAL VIEWS

The kasneb exemption policy should be reviewed in view of the narrow coverage of comparable units at

Recommendation
University courses are academic in nature and therefore should not be treated as having aptly covered content sufficiently to grant exemptions in professional papers. Consider reducing the number of exemptions for various degrees in accounting, finance and economics up to part 1. As from part 2, NO exemption should be specified. On the flip side, some universities do not provide exemptions for graduates of kasneb qualifications.

Currently, some of the kasneb exams are not grounded on case

Recommendation

Kasneb should consider changing the approach to testing exams that will include case studies in some of their professional examinations starting from part 2, to allow the students to have a blend between theory and practice. This is done by other professional bodies including the ACCA, ICS, CFA and the ACIIA.

The marking of kasneb Examinations does not strictly observe the “conveyor belt” approach to marking where examiners are divided into clusters each marking a different

Recommendation

As a proposal, kasneb should adopt this methodology so as to improve on adeptness in marking of exams which would help strengthen the examination administration process.

Study manuals/ kits for all kasneb examinations do not

Recommendation

Study manuals/kits should be developed and incessant review done every two to three years to guide students in their revision. This should be given to students upon payment of the requisite fee with a hard copy and an online option available. A mobile App for notes should as well also be developed.

Currently, kasneb exams are not based on enhancing competence and building professionalism because some students may register for exams and sit for the exams without having to go to

Recommendation

Kasneb should introduce formal study requirements such as having their qualifications being school based (registration of students should be done through accredited training institutions) to allow for students to focus on “understanding the concept” rather than “cramming the concept” which would nurture proficiency.

The certificate and diploma level exams are written in nature and majorly founded on having accounting

Recommendation
Kasneb should consider having the certificate and diploma level exams being multiple choice questions grounded on computer based testing (CBT) to assess the competence of the students because it acts as a link to higher level professional exams. The units should correspondingly have some in finance and strategy. The professional exams should however remain written.

The duration for completion of the CAMS and Diploma level qualifications is

Recommendation
Consider rechristening both the certificate and diploma papers which would be length based on the Kenya National Qualifications framework (certificate 1 year, diploma 1.5 year) adopting the following progression;

Foundation level 1 (competence)

Have five (5) units relating to the basics of accounting, finance and management with duration of 6 months. Computer Based Testing

Foundation level 2 (competence and development)

Have six (5) units relating to the accounting, finance, law, information systems and management with duration of 6 months. Computer Based Testing

Professional part 1 (nurturing skills) compulsory if started from foundation level 1 (exemptions TO BE allowed based on undergraduate degree only or done a similar paper under kasneb)

Have three units in section one (1) and three units section two (2) as per the current syllabus with duration of 6 months per section.

Professional part 2 (applying skills) compulsory if started from foundation level 1 (exemptions NOT allowed unless done a similar paper under kasneb)

Have three units in section three (3) and three units section four (4) as per the current syllabus with duration of 6 months per section.

Professional part 3 (strategic and practical) compulsory if started from foundation level 1 (exemptions NOT allowed unless done a similar paper under kasneb)

Have three units in section five (5) and three units section six (6) as per the current syllabus with duration of 6 months per section.

Currently, there are no strict policies on inspection of calculators and candidates in order to ensure compliance of rules 3.8.10 and 3.8.11 on calculator policy and identification and frisking of candidates sitting for kasneb exams. Some students may use programmable calculators whith an enabled memory slot to recall formulae

Recommendation
Implement an action plan that will ensure that the calculator policy and the identification and frisking of students is done before the commencement of any examination. A statement of the acceptable calculators should be provided on the kasneb syllabuses to give a clear guide to students on the types of calculators that are acceptable and to assist in the inspection of calculators before they sit kasneb exams. This is done by foreign professional bodies such as ACCA, CFA, CIMA and CIIA.

The review of kasneb syllabuses at the taskforce level does not consider professional associations as well as institutions in specific

Recommendation
There is need to consider having representation from the following Institutions in addition to training providers, employers, trade bodies other stakeholders in all stages of the development and assessment of qualifications to ensure that they are fit for purpose;

• CMA, Fund Managers Association, RBA, ICIFA and KASIB for the CIFA Syllabus
• KRA, ICPAK and CFE for the CPA on Tax, and Financial Reporting issues
• ICM, metropol and CBK for the CCP
• LSK and ICSK for the CS exam

Examination questions examined are at times biased to some

Recommendation
Questions examined should test the students understanding and the concept of each unit. A thorough evaluation of each paper should be done to appraise them on topical issues being covered incisively avoiding one topic being tested repetitively.

There are no scholarships and grants offered to students

Recommendation
Kasneb should consider having a “development approach” in order to promote and encourage professional training locally and internationally in areas of governance, finance accountancy and ICT, as well as promote Environmental, Social and Governance analysis for professionals. This should be a CSR initiative by kasneb.

Online registration and payments are restricted

Recommendation
Due to the emergent trends in ICT, it would be good for kasneb to allow for online registration and payments to permit students use these facilities with affluence at their convenience.

Currently, kasneb does not provide examination questions to

Recommendation
Past paper questions should be available online (on kasneb’s student portal) to allow easy access to  all registered students of kasneb after each exam. This is done by other professional exam bodies’ worldwide. Kasneb should post the most recent exams only and any student in need of prior papers should purchase them form kasneb.

The entry requirement for Diploma and CAMS and professional level examinations are too

Recommendation
As a polite suggestion, considerable attention should be given to amend the entry requirements.This however may need to be assessed based on the Kenya National Qualifications Framework policy on qualification standards/levels.

1. Kasneb does not have associations (MOU’s) with a number of recognized universities for students to pursue various degrees in accountancy, finance and investments, ICT and credit

Recommendation
Consider having MOU’s with recognized and accredited universities to allow students transit into respective bachelor degrees. This should be communicated to students based on progression routes depending on the professional qualifications pursued by each student.

Exam release dates are not specified

Recommendation
Kasneb should consider working with timelines not to rush the examination administration process, but to ensure that they move in line with the fast paced world in empowering students with their qualifications. Consider having release dates specified for all exams (computer based testing and written) since this is effected by CFA, CISI, ACCA amongst other global examination bodies.

Kasneb does not have performance reviews published and availed to the

Recommendation

Kasneb should in future consider providing Examination Performance Reviews in the same way KNEC publishes the performance of students in a report.

SPECIFIC VIEWS ON THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF SYLLABUSES

 Structure of syllabuses

 After a keenly assessing the kasneb qualifications against market needs and comparable global qualifications, the following proposed structure was arrived at;

1. Professional Examinations
2. Foundation Examinations

Professional Examinations

Kindly view the proposed summary in the following table. The changes are highlighted in red under the proposed structure. Proposals for case studies are also highlighted

CPA		CS		CICT		CIFA		CCP
Current	Proposed	Current	Proposed	Current	Proposed	Current	Proposed	Current	Proposed
Section 1	Section 1	Section 1	Section 1	Section 1	Section 1	Section 1	Section 1	Section 1	Section 1
CA11          Financial Accounting CA12      Commercial Law CA13 Entrepreneursh ip and Communication	CA11          Financial Accounting CA12      Commercial Law CA13 Entrepreneursh ip and Communication	CS11 Organisational Behaviour CS12 Business Law CS13                  Business Communication	CS11 Organisational Behaviour CS12 Business Law CS13                  Business Communication	CT11 Introduction to Computing CT12                Computer Applications                            – Practical CT13 Entrepreneurshi p and Communication	Due to the fast pace in which technology is growing, consider making this a certification instead of a  qualification else phase it out. Partner with Kenya Data Networks	CF11                  Financial Accounting CF12                  Financial Mathematics CF13 Entrepreneurshi p and Communication	CF11                  Financial Accounting CF12 Introduction to Finance (NEW) CF13 Entrepreneurshi p and Communication	CP11:                      Credit Management CP12: Business Law CP13: Entrepreneurship and Communication	CP11:                      Credit Management CP12: Business Law CP13: Entrepreneurship and Communication
Section 2	Section 2	Section 2	Section 2	Section 2	Section 2	Section 2	Section 2	Section 2	Section 2
CA21 Economics CA22     Management Accounting CA23 Public Finance and Taxation	CA21 Economics CA22     Management Accounting CA23 Public Finance and Taxation	CP21: Economics CP22: Principles of Accounting CP23: Public Finance and Taxation	CP21: Economics CP22: Principles of Accounting CP23: Public Finance and Taxation	CT21         Operating Systems – Practical CT22 Principles of Accounting CT23         Computer Support              and Maintenance	Due to the fast pace in which technology is growing, consider making this a certification instead of a  qualification else phase it out. Partner with Kenya Data Networks	CF21 Economics CF22                  Financial Institutions         and Markets CF23 Public Finance and Taxation	CF21 Economics CF22                  Financial Institutions                     and Markets CF23 Public Finance and Taxation	CP21: Economics CP22: Principles of Accounting CP23: Public Finance and Taxation	CP21: Economics CP22: Principles of Accounting CP23: Public Finance and Taxation
Section 3	Section 3	Section 3	Section 3	Section 3	Section 3	Section 3	Section 3	Section 3	Section 3
CA31 Company Law CA32          Financial Management CA33          Financial Reporting	CA31 Company Law CA32          Financial Management CA33          Financial Reporting	CS31 Company Law CS32                  Financial Management CS33 Principles and Practice                of Management	CS31 Company Law CS32                  Financial Management CS33 Principles and Practice                of Management	CT31                 Database Systems CT32                         Systems Analysis and Design CT33                Structured Programming	Due to the fast pace in which technology is growing, consider making this a certification instead of a  qualification else phase it out. Partner with Kenya Data Networks	CF31 Regulation of Financial Markets CF32                 Corporate Finance CF33                  Financial Statements Analysis	CF31 Regulation and Compliance (NEW NAME) CF32                Corporate Finance CF33                 Financial Statements Analysis	CP31: Company Law CP32:                  Financial Management CP33: Marketing and Public Relations	CP31: Company Law CP32:                  Financial Management CP33: Money and Debt Advice (NEW)

 

 

CPA		CS		CICT		CIFA		CCP
Current	Proposed	Current	Proposed	Current	Proposed	Current	Proposed	Current	Proposed
Section 4	Section 4	Section 4	Section 4	Section 4	Section 4	Section 4	Section 4	Section 4	Section 4
CA41 Auditing and Assurance CA42 Management Information Systems CA43 Quantitative Analysis	CA41 Auditing and Assurance CA42 Management Information Systems CA43 Quantitative Analysis	CS41                   Corporate Secretarial Practice CS42             Management Information Systems CS43      Law      and Procedure of Meetings	CS41                   Corporate Secretarial Practice CS42             Management Information Systems CS43      Law             and Procedure of Meetings	CT41 Object Oriented Programming CT42 Web  Design and e-Commerce CT43                Data Communication and Computer Networks – Practical	Due to the fast pace in which technology is growing, consider making this a certification instead of a  qualification else phase it out. Partner with Kenya Data Networks	CF41                              Equity Investments Analysis CF42                   Portfolio Management CF43              Quantitative Analysis	CF41                              Equity Investments Analysis CF42                   Portfolio Management CF43              Quantitative Analysis	CP41: Law Governing Credit Practice CP42: Management Information Systems CP43:              Quantitative Analysis	CP41: Credit and Collections (NEW) CP42: Management Information Systems CP43:              Quantitative Analysis
Section 5	Section 5	Section 5	Section 5	Section 5	Section 5	Section 5	Section 5	Section 5	Section 5
CA51 Strategy, Gove rnance and Ethics CA52                 Advanced Management Accounting CA53                 Advanced Financial Management	CA51 Strategy, Gove rnance and Ethics (CASE STUDY) CA52                 Advanced Management Accounting CA53                 Advanced Financial Management	CS51                    Human Resource Management CS52                  Financial Markets Law CS53              Governance and Ethics	CS51                    Human Resource Management CS52                  Financial Markets Law CS53  Governance and Ethics (CASE STUDY)	CT51 Strategy, Governance        and Ethics CT52                  Software Engineering CT53             Mobile Application Development	Due to the fast pace in which technology is growing, consider making this a certification instead of a  qualification else phase it out. Partner with Kenya Data Networks.	CF51 Strategy, Governance        and Ethics CF52 Fixed Income Investments Analysis CF53                Alternative Investments Analysis	CF51 Strategy, Gov ernance and Ethics (CASE STUDY) CF52 Fixed Income Investments Analysis CF53                Alternative Investments Analysis	CP51:                 Strategy, Governance        and Ethics CP52: Banking Law and Practice CP53:                     Credit Management in the Financial Sector	CP51:Strategy, Gover nance and Ethics (CASE STUDY) CP52: Enforcement (NEW) CP53:                    Credit Management in the Financial Sector
Section 6	Section 6	Section 6	Section 6	Section 6	Section 6	Section 6	Section 6	Section 6	Section 6
CA61         Advanced	CA61         Advanced	CS61          Strategic	CS61          Strategic	CT61           Systems	Due to the fast pace	CF61         Advanced	CF61         Advanced	CP61: Debt recovery	CP61:        Advanced
Public Finance and	Public Finance and	Management	Management	Security	in which technology	Portfolio Management	Portfolio Management	CP62:        Corporate	Money    and     Debt
Taxation	Taxation	CS62 Public Policy	CS62 Public Policy	CT62       Information	is growing, consider	CF62      International	CF62      International	lending	Advice (NEW)
CA62         Advanced	CA62         Advanced	and Administration	and Administration	Systems        Project	making      this      a	Finance	Finance          (CASE	CP63: Credit Practice	CP62:        Corporate
Auditing              and	Auditing              and	CS63      Governance	CS63      Governance	Management	certification instead	CF63        Derivatives	STUDY)		lending     and     Risk
Assurance	Assurance      (CASE	and Secretarial Audit	and Secretarial Audit	CT63          Research	of a qualification	Analysis	CF63        Derivatives		(NEW) and CASE
CA63         Advanced	STUDY)		(CASE STUDY)	Methods	else phase it out.		Analysis		STUDY)
Financial Reporting	CA63                 Advanced Financial Reporting				Partner with Kenya Data Networks				CP63: Advanced Credit and Collections (NEW)

1. Foundation Examinations

Kindly view the proposed summary in the following table. Upon completion of this qualification under the proposed structure, students should start from section 1 of any professional level qualifications.

Current	Proposed
ATD level 1 AD11 Introduction to Financial Accounting AD12 Principles of Business Law AD13 Entrepreneurship and Communication AD14 Information Communication Technology	Foundation level 1 (competence) ·         Introduction to Financial Accounting ·         Entrepreneurship ·         Information Communication Technology ·         Business Mathematics and Statistics ·         Principles of Management
ATD level 2 AD21 Financial Accounting AD22 Principles of Management AD23 Business Mathematics and Statistics AD24 Fundamentals of Finance	Foundation level 2 (competence and development) ·         Principles of Public Finance and Taxation ·         Principles of Business Law ·         Principles of Economics ·         Fundamentals of Finance ·         Principles of Marketing and Communication
ATD level 3 AD31 Principles of Economics AD32 Fundamentals of Management Accounting AD33 Principles of Public Finance and Taxation AD34 Auditing	N/A

 

1. Content of syllabuses

 

1. CPA Syllabus

 

1. Consider including content on international taxation within the syllabus of Public finance and taxation
2. Consider including changes in accounting standards effective on January 1, 2019 ;

 

1. Leases

The standard requires companies that lease assets (real estate, airplanes, manufacturing equipment, etc.) to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases on the balance sheet. A lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months.

 

1. Hedging

The standard refines and expands hedge accounting for both financial (e.g., interest rate) and commodity risks. It aligns the accounting rules with a company’s risk management activities, better reflects the economic results of hedging in the financial statements, and simplifies hedge accounting treatment.

• Revenue recognition

The standard establishes consistent principles (regardless of industry or geography) to report useful information about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue from contracts with customers. Public companies were required to apply the standard starting in 2018, private companies start adopting the standards in January 2019.

1. Non-employee share-based payment

The standard reduces cost, minimizes complexity, and improves financial reporting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees. It aligns the accounting for share-based payments for nonemployees and employees and makes it easier for companies to account for the share-based payments they provide to service providers, suppliers, and other people that are not employees.

1. Stranded income tax effects

The standard addresses certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. While companies are not required to apply the standard until January 2019, many have already adopted the standard.

1. Consider including changes in auditing standards effective on January 1, 2019 ;

 

1. Systems of quality

Auditors plan to analyze how firms’ systems promote a culture of audit quality and respond to risks; review aspects of quality-control processes that are critical to audit quality; and understand if firms perform procedures to evaluate whether the companies they audit have appropriate fraud controls.

Auditors plan to assess how firms maintain independence, in fact and appearance; educate professionals on independence requirements; monitor compliance with independence requirements; and assess the impact of nonaudit services on independence.

• Recurring inspection

Areas of repeated deficiency include auditing internal control over financial reporting; revenue recognition; allowance for loan losses; and accounting estimates, including fair value measurements. Inspectors plan to consider how firms identify the causes of deficiencies; the actions firms are taking to reduce these deficiencies; the actions they are taking to lead to higher audit quality in these areas; and how firms monitor the timing and progress of audit work.

1. External

Auditor procedures will include evaluating firms’ responses to elevated risks of material misstatement due to external considerations such as economic conditions and assessing firms’ evaluation of audit evidence that potentially contradicts management assertions.

1. Cyber security

Auditors will evaluate the audit procedures firms use to identify and determine whether cyber risks and breaches pose risks of material misstatement to companies’ financial statements.

1. Software audit

Auditors will examine whether firms are applying due care and professional skepticism when using software audit tools.

• Digital

Auditors will evaluate auditors’ responses to risks associated with digital assets such as cryptocurrencies, initial coin offerings, and use of distributed ledger technology.

• Audit quality

Auditors plan to consider how firms may be using audit quality indicators to monitor their audit work and staff deployment, and whether firms are discussing audit quality indicator results with audit committees.

1. Changes in the auditor’s

Auditors will monitor firms’ implementation activities with respect to the PCAOB’s new auditor reporting standard, including pilot-testing and “dry runs” associated with firms’ procedures for identifying and reporting “critical audit matters,” which will be required to be reported for audits of large accelerated filers in audits for periods ending on or after June 30, 2019.

5. Include content in the CPA exam on professional skepticism (Advanced Auditing and Assurance section 6);
   1. Understand the concepts of professional skepticism and professional
   2. Understand personal bias and other impediments to acting with professional skepticism, such as threats, incentives and judgment-making
6. Include content on analysis of representative task statement in performing further procedures and obtaining evidence as follows (Advanced Auditing and Assurance section 6):
   1. Investigate evidence that either contradicts or corroborates management explanations, expectations and other hypotheses throughout an audit or non-audit
7. Introduce case studies in the following papers to make them more practical based;
   1. Strategy, Governance and Ethics and
   2. Advanced Auditing and Assurance

7. Take note of changes in the companies Act
8. Take note of changes in the Public Finance Act
9. Take note of changes in the Public Sector Accounting Standards Board in terms of role and functions

 

 

1. CS Syllabus

 

2. Introduce case studies in in the following papers to make them more practical based;
   1. Governance and Ethics and
   2. Governance and Secretarial Audit
3. Consider having a concise exemption policy for lawyers and arbitrators as well as practitioners with over 10 years’
4. Take note of changes in the companies Act and include relevant changes in the respective paper
5. Include content on Board Evaluation & Effectiveness Assessment: Align The Board`s Performance Objectives

• CITC Syllabus

As proposed above (structure of syllabuses), consider making this a certification instead of a qualification else phase it out. kasneb could also consider partnering with Kenya Data Networks or ICT Authority among other stake holders to come up with a marketable ICT qualification (Jointly) for Government officials and private sector.

1. CIFA Syllabus
2. Consider introducing a new unit Introduction to Finance in place of financial mathematics paper (section 1) so as to introduce students to finance and discharge off some content from Corporate Finance (section 3) which is quite colossal for that level.
3. Consider introducing students to case studies in the Corporate Finance paper
4. Regulation of Financial Markets paper (section 3) should be renamed to Regulation and Compliance and content included relating to;
5. Remove law of contract and law of agency these are not related to regulation
6. Manging cyber security

• Financial crime management

1. Significance of the IFA Act
2. Role of ICIFA in financial services
3. Standards of financing terrorist activities

• Insider Dealing
• Effective Investment Governance

1. Market abuse
2. Derivative market regulations
3. NSE Amended Listing Rules

• NSE Amended Equities Rules
• Market Participants Rules Business Conduct and Enforcement
• Nse trading rules for fixed income securities

1. Introduce a topic on Fintech within the CIFA curriculum. Preferably under Equity Investment Analysis (section 4) as follows;

 

1. Describe “fintech” and its importance
2. Describe big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning;

• Describe fintech applications to investment management;

7. Describe financial applications of distributed ledger
8. Consider including the role of “IBUKA” program launched by NSE under Equity Investment Analysis (section 4)
9. Include content Portfolio Management paper ( section 4) as follows;.
10. Building blocks of portfolio construction
11. Approaches to implement portfolio managers their core beliefs:
    • Systematic vs. discretionary
    • Bottom up vs. top down
    • Benchmark aware vs. benchmark agnostic
    • Identify formal risk constraints in portfolio management that are statistical in nature; Volatility, Active risk, Drawdown, CVaR, IVaR and MVaR
12. Include content Financial statements Analysis paper ( section 3) as follows;
13. Include changes based on Financial Reporting Standards
14. The CAMELS (capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity) approach to analyzing a bank, including key ratios and its limitations;

• Include relevant changes based on Intercorporate Investments

1. Include relevant changes based on Income Statements
2. Include relevant changes based on Balance Sheets
3. Include relevant changes based on Cash Flow Statements

• Include relevant changes based on Financial Reporting Quality

8. Consider including content on Credit Analysis Models under Fixed Income Investments (section 5)
   1. expected exposure, the loss given default, the probability of default, and the credit valuation adjustment
   2. explain credit scores and credit ratings;

• calculate the expected return on a bond given transition in its credit rating;

1. explain structural and reduced-form models of corporate credit risk, including assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses;
2. calculate the value of a bond and its credit spread, given assumptions about the credit risk parameters;

The above content is significant more so the calculations for credit scoring, including the components of Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) credit scores (to be introduced by CBK soon). Also include updates and details of credit ratings (used within the wholesale bond market for corporate and government issues and asset-backed securities) and the forward outlook (positive, stable, or negative) as assigned by the corporate rating agencies.

1. Consider including new content on fixed income and equity portfolio management under Advanced Portfolio management (section 6);
2. Introduction to Equity Portfolio Management
3. Passive Equity Investing

• Introduction to Equity Portfolio Management

1. Passive Equity Investing
2. Introduction to Fixed-Income
3. Liability-Driven and Index-Based Strategies

 

10. Consider including new content in financial planning including retirement planning, financial protection and financial planning

 

11. Make International finance (section 6) more of a case study paper

 

1. CCP Syllabus

 Consider coming up with a new units and content based on developments in the Banking Act, SASRA and microfinance regulations as follows;

• Money and Debt Advice in place of Marketing and Public Relations (section 3);
• Credit and Collections in place of Law Governing Credit Practice (section 4);
• Enforcement in place of Banking Law and Practice (section 5)
• Advanced Money and Debt Advice in place of Debt recovery (section 6);
• Corporate lending and Risk (CASE STUDY) in place of Corporate lending (section 6) and
• Advanced Credit and Collections in place of Credit Practice (section 5)

OTHER VIEWS ON KASNEB RULES, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 General Rules

1. For Computer Based Testing exams (foundation level only) consider issuing students with e certificates/result slips
2. Under NO circumstances should any Chief Invigilator/invigilator(s) possess the authority to grant extra time to any kasneb Candidates. This should be emphasized to students in the syllabus booklet and implemented during examinations
3. Sharing, transferring, exchanging, borrowing and/or lending of, and trading in materials of ANY kind (including but not limited to stationery, dictionaries and electronic calculators) between kasneb Candidates during the examination are NOT allowed, and SHOULD result in disqualification from the examination. This has not been the practice during kasneb

 

1. Kasneb Candidates must use black or blue ball pens to write their answers of all questions on the question booklets. This should be emphasized in the examination booklet. This should be specified to all students

 

1. Failure by the Chief Invigilator/invigilator(s) to detect any unauthorised item prior to the start of the examination, admittance to the examination hall/room, or even after completion of the examination does NOT imply that the item is authorised in the examination, or that the CIIA Candidates possessing the item will not be subject to disciplinary

POLICIES

1. Policies on Special Arrangements should be made for kasneb candidates who are disabled or have special
2. Photos of candidates should appear on the signing sheet so as to allow verification of

Policies on this should be considered and developed

1. Calculators with spreadsheet capability are forbidden and emphasized in the syllabus booklet. Policies on this should be considered and developed

———-End of report———-

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